Al-Qirtas

Meera Ji’s Poem: In The Context Of Psychological Thought, Existentialism And Romanticism

Sadaf Arooj , Dr. Mamuna Subhani* — Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Modern Urdu poem has adopted various influences of Western poem, among which Psychological thought, Existentialism and Romanticism emerge as significant intellectual trends. Meera Ji emerges as a poet who skillfully expanded the scope of modern Urdu poem by embracing theses western intellectual trends in general. Psychological complexity sense of underappreciation and a sort of rich romantic imagination being the basic traits of his personality, paved the way of assimilate thesis particular western thoughts in his Urdu poem with phenomenal mastery. An attempt has been made through this article to understand these concepts in his Urdu poem within the context of Western influences as whole.

Key Wodrs: Meera ji,Western influences Psychological thought, Existentialism, Romanticism

Ghafir Shahzad Novel "Mukli Main Marg" in the Context of the Capitalism

Syeda Humaira Abid , Dr. Sadaf Fatima , Dr. Mamuna Subhani — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In this novel, shrines and their associated stories have been seen through the eyes of the modern age. Everyone knows that the activities associated with shrines have become a historical industry due to the immense participation of the public and this hidden and mysterious world has its own beauty and ugliness which could not have remained hidden from the eyes of a person like Ghafir Shahzad, especially the government functionaries who get financial benefits and their tools among the public who cause the disrepute of this sector. Thus, Ghafir Shahzad's mind has arranged a plot with all such characters and their relationships which has come before us in the form of a wonderful novel. The biggest challenge for Ghafir Shahzad in this novel was the unique and varied atmosphere of the plot, which had hundreds of aspects. It was doubtful that most of these aspects would be accessible to the eyes and mind of a single reader. This is a unique effort, different from the biased historical, romantic and narrative novels, and therefore its technique is also different. It has neither a traditional beginning and end nor a formulaic arrangement and organization. The reader can be urged to spend time with this novel. So Capitalism has been discussed in this context.

Key Words: Ghafir Shahzad, "Mukli main Marg", financial benefits, historical, romantic, narrative novels, Capitalism.

Manto’s Film World: A Critical Review of before the Establishment of Pakistan

Nida Zahid , Sajida Aslam — Fri, 07 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Saadat Hasan Manto is mainly known for his fiction but he also wrote drama, essays, letters and sketches. Translated from world literature and edited magazines. But one of Manto's key references is his commitment to filmography. Where he spent the most important years of his life. Manto spent most of his life in film industry mixing with directors, musicians, filmmakers, actors and writers. And became the residents of this town. Here his life was tumultuous and he was a part of many conflicts and riots. Minto wrote scripts for several films, some of which were filmed and became popular. However, most of the films either flopped or were not shot at all, much to Minto's dismay. But this does not diminish the importance of Manto's early filmmaking, rather it is clear that the themes he penned in his filmmaking were social reforms.

Keywords: Saadat Hasan Manto; Manto’s Film; Film Kisan kanya; Film Tu Bara kay Mein Bara; Film Mirza Ghalib.

A Critical and Research Review of Rules of Literary Historiography

Dr. Muhammad Ikram Ul Haq — Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0300

When it comes to history, the events of war, murder, upheaval of governments, political tactics, tawaif al-muluki and the rise and fall of nations are kept in mind. And when the word literature is used with history, then the mental state changes. And the linguistic, literary and cultural life of nations is seen. The story of human emotions, feelings and aesthetic tastes is called. Literary history is the art of describing the literary creations, trends, and evolutionary stages of a nation or language in chronological order. Therefore, it is important to take care of some principles so that history is authentic, comprehensive and impartial. Literary historiography refers to researching past events and writing them in the light of complete reference, evidence and evidence.

Key Words upheaval, tawaif al-muluki, linguistic, cultural life, aesthetic, evolutionary, authentic, comprehensive, historiography, evidence.

The Evolution of Terminology in Urdu Literature: A Historical Overview

Dr. Majid Mumtaz, Dr. Tayyaba Bashir, Thamina Mumtaz — Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The evolution of terminology in Urdu literature has been shaped by a complex interplay of cultural, social, and linguistic factors throughout its history. Emerging from the rich traditions of Persian and Arabic, Urdu literature developed a unique lexicon that has evolved in tandem with the changing socio-political landscapes. The early phases of Urdu literature saw the influence of Persian during the Mughal era, where Persian terms such as "ghazal," "masnavi," and "qaseeda" became prominent. As Urdu continued to grow, the arrival of Islamic mysticism infused the language with spiritual and philosophical terms such as "tasawwuf" (Sufism) and "Ishq" (divine love), adding depth and complexity to its literary expression.The British colonial period introduced new ideas and concepts that further enriched the Urdu vocabulary, with Western terms in philosophy, politics, and social reform becoming part of the literary discourse. The 20th century saw a further expansion of Urdu terminology with the incorporation of terms related to modernism, socialism, and nationalism. These shifts in terminology reflect the changing intellectual currents of the time, from colonialism to post-independence nationalism and modernization. This paper explores the historical trajectory of Urdu literary terminology, highlighting its adaptation and transformation through various historical phases, and emphasizing the impact of cultural and political changes on the development of its lexicon.

Keywords: Urdu literature, terminology, historical evolution, Persian influence, Sufism, British colonial period, modernism, nationalism.

Some contradictory aspects of the concept of love of ‘’Ivan Turgenev’’ (A Critical Review)

Dr. Syeda Attiya Khalid — Sat, 08 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Ivan Turgenev is an important Russian novelist of the 18th century. In his novels, a deeply sympathetic and thought-provoking approach to the development of the Russian people emerges as the theme of the narrative. That is why Ivan Turgenev is also called the national novelist. But the paper in question looks at Ivan Turgenev's roles from a new and unique perspective. where his characters are naturalists. There are different kinds of love. Every character in his novels has a unique concept of love. The novelist considers love as a necessity and beauty of life. With regard to the concept of love, he portrays the interplay of sexual love and its significance in human life through his characters. This research-critical paper tries to portray love and imaginary love in front of the characters of most of his novels. So that on this important aspect of human psychology, many mental and sexual behaviors can come to the fore.

A Brief Analysis of Modern Representative Voices of Urdu Short Story

Dr. Uzma Noreen , Dr.Parveen Kallu* , Dr. Muhammad Rahman — Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In every period of Urdu short story, two angles of view have been accepted and popular. One of them is the bearer of the terrestrial trend and under it the fiction writer has seen the phenomena of life very closely. Thus, the roughness of the phenomena has first come under the grasp of his consciousness. This view is like a form of examining the environment and its characters with the help of a microscope and it can easily be called SHORT RANGE VIEW. The second angle of view is the advocate of the imaginative trend and under its influence the fiction writer has cast a fleeting glance at the surroundings from the height of imagination and thus his eyes have not concentrated and stopped at any particular place or point but have gone on to cover the whole. This view is a form of examining the environment with the help of a telescope and if it is called LONG RANGE VIEW then the matter becomes clear. Both these ways of seeing were prevalent at the very beginning of Urdu short story, but in the earlier period the imaginative tendency was relatively stronger and the reason for this was that Urdu fiction was associated with the tradition of storytelling, in which the flight of imagination was of utmost importance. Of course, ignoring everyday life was not the creed of the storyteller, and this was because he himself was a man of flesh and blood and could not deny the phenomena of the environment, which were scattered all around him and were affecting his consciousness every moment. However, since hundreds of years of renunciation and dervish tendencies had fostered the tendency to withdraw from earthly phenomena at the higher level, he was forced to follow this trend. This era contains some new writers e.g Ghayas Ahmad Gudi, Qazi Abdul Sattar, Abid Sohail, Iqbal Majeed, Iqbal Mateen, Jailani Bano, Zameer ud deen Ahmad, Joganderpal, Ram Ammal, Ruten Singh, Kalam Haideri, Anwar Azeem, Qaiser Tamkeen, Ahmed Yousaf and Aoni Saeed as well.

Key Words: Modern Short story, phenomena of life, SHORT RANGE VIEW, LONG RANGE VIEW, Ghayas Ahmad Gudi, Qazi Abdul Sattar, Abid Sohail, Iqbal Majeed, Iqbal Mateen, Jailani Bano, Zameer ud deen Ahmad, Joganderpal, Ram Ammal, Ruten Singh, Kalam Haideri, Anwar Azeem, Qaiser Tamkeen,Ahmed Yousaf, Aoni Saeed.