" Resistance Elements in Iqbal’s Poetry and its Impact on Pakistani society کلامِ اقبال میں مزاحمتی عناصر اور پاکستانی سماج پر اثرات Section Articles

Abstract

Literature is an interpreter of human life. The unrest in the temperament of literature sometimes takes the form of rebellion. Resistance means that if a writer or poet is dissatisfied with the current state of affairs of their era, and they raise their voice against exploitation, such literature is called resistance literature. The chain of resistance has been ongoing since the sons of Adam, and it has not stopped to this day. Resistance literature is the foundation of any society where society is divided between the oppressor and the oppressed, where imperialism dominates, where the class system is deeply rooted, where caste discrimination exists, where people yearn for basic necessities of life and dignity is scarce. In every era, there is a group of artists who will inevitably raise their voice against the tyranny of those in power. The poet of the East, Allama Iqbal, also resisted against economic, political, and social oppression. He opposed Western civilization, the capitalist system, monarchy, imperialism, outdated traditions, sectarianism, and Western civilization through his poetry. His poetry emphasizes objection, rebellion, revolution, and hope. Following Iqbal, poets like Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Josh Malihabadi, Jansar Akhtar, Ali Sardar Jafri, Sahir Ludhianvi, Makhdoom Mohiuddin, N.M. Rashid, and Majid Amjad played significant roles in resistance. Habib Jalib and Ahmed Faraz were also among them. The philosophical influences of Iqbal are found in Pakistan's resistance poetry as well, introducing political and social leaders to new ideologies. Iqbal's poetry sparked a process of spiritual and intellectual renewal among individuals. His teachings played a crucial role in elevating the loftier purposes of human life and strengthening the connection with the Creator.                                                                                                                                                                      This article identifies the elements of resistance in iqbal s poetry and examines the effects of resistance  on pakistani society