Water Wars: The Looming Crisis Over Pakistan's Water Resources

Abstract

Pakistan is approaching the vicious cycle of water wars; the primary source of water in Pakistan is the Indus River and its branches, flowing through the territory of the country, water resources are under stress due to climate change, population growth, water management inefficiency, and geopolitical instability. Continued use and pollution of water source as well as water flow from the upstream countries particularly India are some of the factors that are causing the problem. This crisis is a menace to Pakistan’s agriculture whose water is from the Indus basin and is a danger to the economy, health and stability of the country. Thus, the article reveals historical and modern water-sharing agreements such as the Indus Waters Treaty, and the relationships between Pakistan and India and other neighbours, which make the problem of water deficiency in Pakistan more profound. It describes the social and economic impacts of water scarcity for agriculture, for the loss of bio-diversity, for increased domestic conflict all over the world. In addition, the article provides recommendations such as policy changes, new technologies, development of new structures, and collaboration with other countries to solve the crisis. Stressing on the escalating problem, it urges the policymakers, communities, and global actors to act now for the conservation of water resources and stability of the region.

Keywords:  Depletion, groundwater, biodiversity, infrastructural improvements, water wars