Al-Qirtas

“Navigating the Landscape of English Language Teaching in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Directions”

2024-10-06T11:06:23+03:00

This study evaluates the ELT (English Language Teaching) situation and explores the perceptions and teaching methods of Secondary School teachers in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The main objectives of the study were to:
(1) Investigate the academic and professional qualifications, along with the teaching techniques of English language teachers in KPK; (2) Evaluate the conditions under which English is taught in Peshawar (KPK); and (3) Provide a foundation for improving English as a foreign language teaching at the SSC level in KPK. The researcher designed a questionnaire, which was completed by fifty randomly selected teachers. A second questionnaire was distributed among fifty SSC-level students. The data collected through these questionnaires were systematically analyzed. The study concluded that the majority of English language teachers in government schools in Peshawar are well qualified in terms of their academic backgrounds and are experienced. However, their linguistic knowledge needs improvement. Their role in teaching English as a foreign language does not meet the needs of English language learners. The weak areas identified through this research include: Lack of linguistic qualifications and in-service training; Overcrowded classrooms and the absence of language labs; No use of pair or group work in the classroom; Teaching primarily through the conventional Grammar Translation Method (GTM). It is recommended that English language teachers undergo in-service training programs. When inducting new English language teachers, preference should be given to candidates with TEFL or ELT qualifications. English should be taught as a skill rather than just a subject.

Keywords- Navigating, Landscape of English Language Teaching, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Challenges, Opportunities, Future Directions.

Economic Challenges Faced By New Muslims in Sindh and Its Solution

2024-10-14T13:30:16+03:00

Acceptance of Islam and faith conversion is a common scenario in Sindh. People have converted over the years in different parts of Sindh in an overwhelming numbers. However before and after conversion people have to face many economic issues. Research was conducted across Sindh covering its 6 division and various districts. Interview based questionnaire was used to analyse the economic problems people face after conversion to Islam. The is an empirical study with applications of qualitative and quantitative data. Economics is the backbone of every society. New Muslims after converting to Islam often loose their jobs, face loss in business, are deprived of inheritance, face undue pressures in returning of loan, are at times poverty stricken and of are even made part of Zakat. The Government and Society must join hands for New Muslims together to create job opportunities for New Muslims, provide circumstances for small business, promote concept of fraternity, and give due share in Zakat as well.

Keywords: New Muslims, Islamic Conversion In Sindh, Economics Challenges and its Solution, Concept of Fraternity, Zakat.

An Exploratory Analysis of Curiosity and Spying Under Sharia Laws

2024-10-14T13:10:39+03:00

This research explores the Islamic jurisprudence regarding spying and surveillance, dividing the subject into two main categories: prohibited and permissible. The prohibited category is further subdivided into two types, while the permissible category is classified into three subcategories. The first section discusses unlawful spying, focusing on two key issues: Spying within the Muslim community: the prohibition of unwarranted surveillance between Muslims. Spying for non-Muslims against Muslims: the impermissibility of a Muslim spying for disbelievers against fellow Muslims. The second section examines permissible surveillance under Islamic law. This includes: State surveillance for public administration: when a ruler collects information to select competent individuals for governance. Restricted spying by a ruler, emir, or official: when surveillance is conducted under specific conditions and limitations. Spying on non-believers: discussing the permissibility of gathering intelligence on non-Muslims for the protection of the Muslim state. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical and legal boundaries of espionage in Islam, offering insight into when and how spying is considered lawful or forbidden.

Keywords: Islamic Jurisprudence, Spying (Tajassus), Surveillance, Prohibited Espionage, Permissible Surveillance, Muslim Community, Non-Muslims

Commandments of Istihala (Revolutionary Nature). "In the Light of Islamic Sharia"

2024-10-14T14:33:57+03:00

In recent decades, advancements in the food and medicine industries have posed new challenges for Islamic jurisprudence, requiring both classical Islamic knowledge and technical expertise. A key jurisprudential principle is that an Islamic ruling cannot be made without fully understanding the issue. One complex question involves the chemical changes that food and medicine ingredients undergo during preparation, whether automatically or intentionally. Not all chemical changes qualify as "Inqilab" (a transformative change in Islamic law). For example, vapors from impure water and milk turning into curd are not considered Inqilab, while wine turning into vinegar is. Shariah doesn’t recognize molecular changes alone as Inqilab. The study explores principles to determine the legitimacy of molecular changes alone as Inqilab.

Keywords: Medicine, Industries, Challenges, Principle, Jurisprudence, Medicine, Transformative, Legitimacy, Molecular, Change.

The Efforts of Shaykh Shabir Ahmad al-Uthmani in the Establishment of Qadda and Qadr

2024-11-03T18:11:42+02:00

This dissertation extensively examines the scholarly endeavors of ʿAllāma Shabbīr Aḥmad al-ʿUsmānī, a revered Deobandi scholar from Pakistan. It specifically delves into the realm of Ilāhiyyāt, a fundamental aspect concerning the Divine God, which is one of the three pivotal domains within the Islamic theological framework, alongside nubuwwāt (pertaining to prophethood) and samʿiyyāt (relating to the unseen). Within this comprehensive study, the dissertation skillfully highlights and dissects al-ʿUsmānī's substantial contributions, particularly in the realm of al-Qadr (divine decree). His meticulous work reflects a deep commitment to aligning these concepts with the established principles of Ahl-us-Sunnah. The dissertation further illuminates his adept engagement with the intricate debates surrounding divergent theological perspectives, notably addressing the ideologies of Jabariyyah, Qadariyyah and Muʿtazilā. This dissertation showcases how Ahl-us-Sunnah has consistently upheld a nuanced perspective that acknowledges both divine decree and human responsibility. The study delves into the theological reasoning and textual foundations that underpin this balanced approach, demonstrating how Ahl-us-Sunnah harmonizes elements from both ends without succumbing to the pitfalls of either extreme.

Keywords: ilāhiyyāt, ʿAllāma Shabbīr Aḥmad al-ʿUsmānī, Pakistani Deobandi Scholar, al-Qadr, Muʿtazilā, Jabariyyah, Qadariyyah, Ahl-us-Sunnah.

"Like a Sleepwalker: An Ecofeminist Reading of the Binaries of Death and Desire in Sadaf Raza and Sylvia Plath’s Poetry"

2024-11-04T06:02:47+02:00

Sadaf Raza, a Pakistani poet relates to women's miseries in Like a Sleepwalker, and this process assimilates her with the harsh realities, shared experiences, and minor pleasures of life. Sylvia Plath, an American poet, is known as a "suicidal doll" after committing suicide in 1963. Both write exclusively for women and depict their emotions in a way that brings them into harmony with nature. The study uses Susan Griffin's book, Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her, as a theoretical framework for ecofeminist reading. Through Krippendorff’s content analysis, the imagery of birds, trees, sun, moon, sky, stars, etc. is gathered from their poetry and the implicit concepts behind them are discussed about woman and nature, as both are considered subservient. The research reads death as a derivative of desire and it is not to be considered a purely biological event. Thus, the attitude concerning death and its meaning for a woman is derived from her suppressed desires. Moreover, the culture and society work in a patriarchal order to deprive women of essential desires. Where the hope for fulfillment and desire ends, the desire for death starts.

Keywords: Ecofeminism, Griffin, Feminism, Nature, Death, Desire.

The Methodology and Contemporary Relevance of Seerah al-Nabi by Allama Shibli Nomani / Syed Sulaiman Nadvi

2024-11-14T16:42:49+02:00

The arrival of Islam in the Indian subcontinent led to the introduction of Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) personality and virtues through early Seerah literature, initially written in poetic and masnavi (rhymed couplet) forms, primarily in Dakhani Urdu. Key works from this period include Mawlood Nama, Miraj Nama, and Wafat Nama, which highlighted various aspects of the Prophet's life. Post-1857, Seerah literature underwent a shift from poetry to prose, influenced by the rise of analytical approaches and the challenges posed by Christian missionaries and Orientalist critiques of Islam. This shift led to two primary trends in Seerah writing: one that followed traditional Arabic and Persian biographical styles, and another pioneered by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, which emphasized rational and scientific principles. Among the most influential works in this new analytical trend is Seerah al-Nabi by Allama Shibli Nomani, a significant intellectual contribution of the 19th century, praised for its historical insight, scholarly tone, and refutation of Orientalist arguments. Although Shibli Nomani was unable to complete the work before his death, his disciple, Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, continued it, adhering to his mentor's methodology. This paper explores the scholarly significance of Seerah al-Nabi in contemporary Seerah studies, discussing its intellectual and artistic merits through three main sections: an introduction to Allama Shibli Nomani, the scholarly status of Seerah al-Nabi, and its artistic and intellectual contributions to Seerah literature. What is the methodology and style of Seerah writing in Allama Shibli Nomani's renowned work? And what is its artistic and intellectual significance in the field of Seerah studies today? These are the questions addressed in this paper. The paper is divided into three main sections: the first section provides a "brief introduction to Allama Shibli Nomani," the second discusses the "scholarly status of the book Seerah al-Nabi," and the third section evaluates the "artistic and intellectual significance of the book".

Keyword: Analytical Seerah narrative, Historical phases of Seerah, Scientific approach to Seerah, Missionary criticism of Islam, Critical Seerah studies

Analytical study of literature, life and politics (Theoretical Debates)

2024-11-18T18:41:54+02:00

This research looks at the connections between politics, life, and literature, emphasizing their mutual influences. Literature is a vehicle for political expression and a mirror of life; it frequently exposes ideological tensions, cultural norms, and society systems. It examines how literary works that represent human experiences, tribulations, and goals can either challenge, uphold, or alter political views. Theoretical discussions center on how literature shapes itself by the sociopolitical context, how it serves as a vehicle for political criticism, and how writers use narrative frameworks to negotiate their political views. The study also examines the perspectives of several philosophical traditions, including feminism, post-colonialism, and Marxism, about the relationship between literature and politics. While post-colonial theorists concentrate on how literary works oppose imperialist ideas, Marxist critics contend that literature is intricately linked to class conflicts. Feminist academics study how patriarchal norms are either questioned or upheld in literature. The study provides a critical perspective through which to view how, within larger political and cultural contexts, literary writings function as potent tools of conformity and resistance.

Keywords:

Literature, Life, Politics, Culture, Society, Feminism, Theoretical Debates.

اردو مرثیہ: اردو تذکروں کے تناظر میں

2024-11-22T06:59:03+02:00

Tazkira refers to a book in which the life of poets is written. The colour of literary history, criticism and biography deepened on mentions under the demands of time and circumstances and gradually this mixture of three colours, which can be defined as literary history, criticism and not biography in the true sense, came to be mentioned. It was declared as the art of the poet and the short situations of the poet, brief comments on the words and selection of poems were considered as elements of this art. Among them are Tazkira Gulshan-e- Hind, Tabqat -UR- Shoraya -e- Hind, Sarapa Sukhan, Nuskha Dilkusha, Gulistan-e Sukhan, Ab-e- Hayat and Gul-e- Raana. Besides these, Tazkira Nadir (Kalab Hussain Nadir), Tazkira Urdu Ky Chand Tare/Muraqa Shuairay Urdu. (Ameer Hussain Noorani) and Tazkira Jawahar sukhan (Muhammad Mubeen Kaifi) are such Tazkira in which a few elegiac writers are mentioned in short paragraphs.

Key words : Tazkira, biography, criticism, literary history

The Dynamics of Tribal Politics in the Seerah and Implications for Modern Governance

2024-12-06T07:30:06+02:00

The Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offers a rich source of insight into the complexities of tribal politics in 7th-century Arabia and provides valuable lessons for modern governance. The Arabian Peninsula was deeply rooted in tribal structures that governed every aspect of life, from social interactions to politics and warfare. Prophet Muhammad's leadership and his ability to navigate the intricate web of tribal loyalties were instrumental in uniting the fragmented tribes of Arabia under the banner of Islam. Through the Constitution of Medina, the Prophet created an inclusive political framework that balanced tribal affiliations with a broader sense of community (Ummah), promoting justice, cooperation, and pluralism. This article explores how the Prophet's governance in Medina provides a model for contemporary political systems, particularly in regions where tribalism or ethnic divisions still play a significant role. The Prophet's emphasis on inclusivity, negotiation, and moral authority offers guidance for modern leaders in fostering unity while respecting local identities. Examples from modern tribal societies, such as Oman and the United Arab Emirates, illustrate how these lessons from the Seerah continue to inform governance practices today, promoting stability and cohesion in complex socio-political landscapes. The implications of tribal politics in the Seerah are particularly relevant for modern states grappling with sectarian or ethnic divisions. By following the principles of inclusivity, diplomacy, and ethical leadership exemplified by the Prophet, contemporary leaders can build governance structures that embrace diversity while fostering a sense of shared purpose and justice. Thus, the Seerah remains a timeless source of wisdom for addressing the challenges of governance in both tribal and modern contexts.

Keywords: Seerah, Tribal politics, Governance, Constitution of Medina, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Inclusivity, Diplomacy, Tribal societies

Islamic Mysticism In The Digital Age: The Relevance Of Sufism Today

2024-12-06T07:32:25+02:00

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement and digital connectivity, the spiritual teachings of Sufism hold renewed relevance for individuals navigating the complexities of modern life. Rooted in Islamic mysticism, Sufism emphasizes inner transformation, divine love, and a profound connection to the Creator, offering a counterbalance to the materialism and disconnection often associated with the digital age. This abstract explores how Sufism has adapted to contemporary challenges and opportunities, leveraging digital platforms to reach a global audience. Online Sufi communities, virtual zikr sessions, and widespread access to classical Sufi texts and poetry have enabled seekers worldwide to engage with its teachings, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. Social media has become a medium for sharing Sufi wisdom, creating a digital tapestry of spiritual inspiration that appeals to the modern quest for meaning and belonging. The teachings of Sufism, particularly its emphasis on mindfulness, compassion, and self-awareness, resonate deeply with the mental health struggles and existential crises of today. The digital dissemination of practices like zikr and meditation offers accessible pathways for individuals to cultivate inner peace and spiritual resilience amidst the distractions of an always-connected world. However, this modern evolution also raises questions about authenticity and the commercialization of spirituality. The challenge lies in preserving the depth and sacredness of Sufi traditions while embracing the opportunities of the digital age. As humanity grapples with unprecedented technological and social shifts, Sufism continues to serve as a beacon of hope and transcendence, bridging ancient wisdom with contemporary needs. Its universal message of love, unity, and spiritual growth remains a vital force for personal and collective transformation in the 21st century.

Keywords: Islamic Mysticism, Digital Age, Sufism, Spiritual Resilience

Islam and Human Rights: A Comparative Analysis of Western and Islamic Perspectives

2024-12-09T08:43:40+02:00

The concept of human rights is fundamental to the understanding of human dignity and social justice, yet its interpretation varies significantly across cultures and civilizations. This article delves into a comparative analysis of Islamic and Western perspectives on human rights, emphasizing their unique philosophical and religious foundations. The Western approach to human rights is primarily grounded in individual liberty, secularism, and universal principles of equality, emerging from historical movements such as the Enlightenment and the development of democratic societies. On the other hand, the Islamic perspective integrates human rights within the framework of divine commandments as articulated in the Quran and Sunnah, prioritizing collective welfare alongside individual responsibilities. This analysis begins by exploring the historical evolution of human rights in both paradigms. In the West, the formulation of rights such as freedom of speech, gender equality, and religious liberty stems from a secular worldview. Key documents like the Magna Carta, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and various constitutional frameworks have defined the contours of Western human rights discourse. In contrast, the Islamic tradition draws its principles from sacred texts, with a focus on fulfilling duties toward God, society, and oneself. This divine-centric perspective underscores accountability before Allah as the cornerstone of human rights and justice. The study highlights key areas of comparison, including women’s rights, freedom of expression, and religious liberty. In the Western context, women’s rights have evolved through suffrage movements and feminist advocacy, focusing on gender equality and personal autonomy.By providing a nuanced analysis of these two frameworks, this study aims to foster a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between Islamic and Western conceptions of human rights. It underscores the importance of appreciating diverse perspectives to address global challenges related to justice, equality, and coexistence.

Keywords- Human Rights, Islam, Western Perspective, Quran, Sunnah, Women's Rights, Religious Liberty, Freedom of Expression, Comparative Analysis, Social Justice.