Al-Qirtas

Ghafir Shahzad Novel "Mukli Main Marg" in the Context of the Capitalism

Syeda Humaira Abid — 2025-02-20

In this novel, shrines and their associated stories have been seen through the eyes of the modern age. Everyone knows that the activities associated with shrines have become a historical industry due to the immense participation of the public and this hidden and mysterious world has its own beauty and ugliness which could not have remained hidden from the eyes of a person like Ghafir Shahzad, especially the government functionaries who get financial benefits and their tools among the public who cause the disrepute of this sector. Thus, Ghafir Shahzad's mind has arranged a plot with all such characters and their relationships which has come before us in the form of a wonderful novel. The biggest challenge for Ghafir Shahzad in this novel was the unique and varied atmosphere of the plot, which had hundreds of aspects. It was doubtful that most of these aspects would be accessible to the eyes and mind of a single reader. This is a unique effort, different from the biased historical, romantic and narrative novels, and therefore its technique is also different. It has neither a traditional beginning and end nor a formulaic arrangement and organization. The reader can be urged to spend time with this novel. So Capitalism has been discussed in this context.

Key Words: Ghafir Shahzad, "Mukli main Marg", financial benefits, historical, romantic, narrative novels, Capitalism.

Manto’s Film World: A Critical Review of before the Establishment of Pakistan

Nida Zahid — 2025-02-07

Saadat Hasan Manto is mainly known for his fiction but he also wrote drama, essays, letters and sketches. Translated from world literature and edited magazines. But one of Manto's key references is his commitment to filmography. Where he spent the most important years of his life. Manto spent most of his life in film industry mixing with directors, musicians, filmmakers, actors and writers. And became the residents of this town. Here his life was tumultuous and he was a part of many conflicts and riots. Minto wrote scripts for several films, some of which were filmed and became popular. However, most of the films either flopped or were not shot at all, much to Minto's dismay. But this does not diminish the importance of Manto's early filmmaking, rather it is clear that the themes he penned in his filmmaking were social reforms.

Keywords: Saadat Hasan Manto; Manto’s Film; Film Kisan kanya; Film Tu Bara kay Mein Bara; Film Mirza Ghalib.

Some contradictory aspects of the concept of love of ‘’Ivan Turgenev’’ (A Critical Review)

Dr. Syeda Attiya Khalid — 2025-02-08

Ivan Turgenev is an important Russian novelist of the 18th century. In his novels, a deeply sympathetic and thought-provoking approach to the development of the Russian people emerges as the theme of the narrative. That is why Ivan Turgenev is also called the national novelist. But the paper in question looks at Ivan Turgenev's roles from a new and unique perspective. where his characters are naturalists. There are different kinds of love. Every character in his novels has a unique concept of love. The novelist considers love as a necessity and beauty of life. With regard to the concept of love, he portrays the interplay of sexual love and its significance in human life through his characters. This research-critical paper tries to portray love and imaginary love in front of the characters of most of his novels. So that on this important aspect of human psychology, many mental and sexual behaviors can come to the fore.

A Brief Analysis of Modern Representative Voices of Urdu Short Story

Dr. Uzma Noreen — 2025-02-06

In every period of Urdu short story, two angles of view have been accepted and popular. One of them is the bearer of the terrestrial trend and under it the fiction writer has seen the phenomena of life very closely. Thus, the roughness of the phenomena has first come under the grasp of his consciousness. This view is like a form of examining the environment and its characters with the help of a microscope and it can easily be called SHORT RANGE VIEW. The second angle of view is the advocate of the imaginative trend and under its influence the fiction writer has cast a fleeting glance at the surroundings from the height of imagination and thus his eyes have not concentrated and stopped at any particular place or point but have gone on to cover the whole. This view is a form of examining the environment with the help of a telescope and if it is called LONG RANGE VIEW then the matter becomes clear. Both these ways of seeing were prevalent at the very beginning of Urdu short story, but in the earlier period the imaginative tendency was relatively stronger and the reason for this was that Urdu fiction was associated with the tradition of storytelling, in which the flight of imagination was of utmost importance. Of course, ignoring everyday life was not the creed of the storyteller, and this was because he himself was a man of flesh and blood and could not deny the phenomena of the environment, which were scattered all around him and were affecting his consciousness every moment. However, since hundreds of years of renunciation and dervish tendencies had fostered the tendency to withdraw from earthly phenomena at the higher level, he was forced to follow this trend. This era contains some new writers e.g Ghayas Ahmad Gudi, Qazi Abdul Sattar, Abid Sohail, Iqbal Majeed, Iqbal Mateen, Jailani Bano, Zameer ud deen Ahmad, Joganderpal, Ram Ammal, Ruten Singh, Kalam Haideri, Anwar Azeem, Qaiser Tamkeen, Ahmed Yousaf and Aoni Saeed as well.

Key Words: Modern Short story, phenomena of life, SHORT RANGE VIEW, LONG RANGE VIEW, Ghayas Ahmad Gudi, Qazi Abdul Sattar, Abid Sohail, Iqbal Majeed, Iqbal Mateen, Jailani Bano, Zameer ud deen Ahmad, Joganderpal, Ram Ammal, Ruten Singh, Kalam Haideri, Anwar Azeem, Qaiser Tamkeen,Ahmed Yousaf, Aoni Saeed.